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Healthcare AI ethics literature

Standards from medical bodies and the peer-reviewed literature on AI deployment in clinical care.

Source: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240029200

The WHO's "Ethics and Governance of AI for Health" guidance (2021, updated 2024), the AMA's Augmented Intelligence in Health Care policy, and a substantial peer-reviewed literature in NEJM AI, The Lancet Digital Health, and JAMA all converge on a common position: AI in healthcare must support, not replace, the clinician-patient relationship.

A human clinician must remain reachable in any consequential care decision, with AI playing the role of decision-support rather than gatekeeper. Triage, diagnostic, and treatment-recommendation AIs operate within a framework where the human carries ultimate clinical responsibility — which the AI's design must facilitate, not foreclose.